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 \begin{table}[htpb!]
\begin{center}
\caption{\textbf{Summary statistics} { \footnotesize Each panel presentsdescriptive statistics of data from each sample examined in table 1 of the paper. Panel A comes from the United States Vital Statistics System for allnon-ART users from 2009-2013, Panel B consists of all births from the      Swedish Medical Birth Register from 1990-2011, and Panel C comes Avon      Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.  Full data collection details  are avilable in supplementary methods. All variables are either binary     measures, or with units indicated in the variable name.} }
\scalebox{0.94}{\begin{tabular}{lccccc}
 \toprule 
&N&Mean&Std.Dev.&Min&Max \\ 
\midrule 
\rowcolor{LightCyan} \multicolumn{6}{c}{\textbf{Panel A: United States}} \\ 
Mother's height (cm)&   1,363,558&      163.00&        7.26&       91.44&      198.12\\

Mother's education (years)&   1,363,558&        4.19&        1.79&        1.00&        9.00\\

Mother Smoked Before Pregnancy&   1,363,558&        0.12&        0.32&        0.00&        1.00\\

Mother Smoked in 1st Trimester&   1,363,558&        0.09&        0.28&        0.00&        1.00\\

Mother Smoked in 2nd Trimester&   1,363,558&        0.08&        0.26&        0.00&        1.00\\

Mother Smoked in 3rd Trimester&   1,363,558&        0.07&        0.26&        0.00&        1.00\\

Mother had pre-pregnancy diabetes&   1,363,558&        0.01&        0.09&        0.00&        1.00\\

Mother had pre-pregnancy hypertension&   1,363,558&        0.01&        0.12&        0.00&        1.00\\

Mother is underweight (pre-pregnancy)&   1,363,558&        0.06&        0.23&        0.00&        1.00\\

Mother is obese (pre-pregnancy)&   1,363,558&        0.20&        0.40&        0.00&        1.00\\

Percent Twin Births &   1,363,558&        2.84&       16.62&        0.00&      100.00\\

Mother's Age in years&   1,363,558&       28.09&        5.78&       18.00&       49.00\\

\rowcolor{LightCyan} \multicolumn{6}{c}{\textbf{Panel B: Sweden}} \\ 
Pre-pregnancy asthma             & 1,240,621  & 0.07       & 0.25       & 0 & 1 \\

Pre-pregnancy diabetes           & 1,240,621  & 0.01       & 0.07       & 0 & 1 \\

Pre-pregnancy kidney disease     & 1,240,621  & 0.01       & 0.07       & 0 & 1 \\

Pre-pregnancy hypertension       & 1,240,621  & 0.01       & 0.06       & 0 & 1 \\

Smoked at 12 weeks gestation     & 1,240,621  & 0.09       & 0.29       & 0 & 1 \\

Smoked at 30-32 weeks gestation  & 1,240,621  & 0.07       & 0.27       & 0 & 1 \\

Height                           & 1,240,621  & 166.38     & 6.35       & 100 & 200 \\

Underweight (BMI $<$ 18.5) Prior to Pregnancy & 1,240,621  & 0.02       & 0.15       & 0 & 1 \\

Obese (BMI $\geq$ 30) Prior to Pregnancy      & 1,240,621  & 0.11       & 0.31       & 0 & 1 \\

Percent Twin Births              & 1,240,621  & 2.55       & 15.77      & 0 & 100 \\

Mother's Age in Years            & 1,240,621  & 29.96      & 5.11       & 18 & 49 \\

\rowcolor{LightCyan} \multicolumn{6}{c}{\textbf{Panel C: United Kingdom (Avon)}} \\ 
underweight         &       10463&        0.04&        0.21&        0.00&        1.00\\

obese               &       10463&        0.05&        0.22&        0.00&        1.00\\

height              &       10463&      164.10&        6.68&      129.54&      200.66\\

diabetes            &       10463&        0.00&        0.06&        0.00&        1.00\\

hypertension        &       10463&        0.04&        0.20&        0.00&        1.00\\

infections          &       10463&        3.26&        1.24&        0.00&        7.00\\

freqHealthFoods     &       10463&        0.21&        0.40&        0.00&        1.00\\

freqFreshFruit      &       10463&        0.30&        0.46&        0.00&        1.00\\

alcoholPreg         &       10463&        0.19&        0.39&        0.00&        1.00\\

alcoholPregHigh     &       10463&        0.06&        0.24&        0.00&        1.00\\

passiveSmoke        &       10463&        0.43&        0.50&        0.00&        1.00\\

smokePreg           &       10463&        0.17&        0.38&        0.00&        1.00\\

meduc               &       10463&       12.29&        1.83&       10.00&       16.00\\

twin100             &       10463&        2.37&       15.21&        0.00&      100.00\\

motherAge           &       10463&       28.67&        4.61&       18.00&       45.00\\

\bottomrule 
 \end{tabular}} 
 \end{center} \end{table} 

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